Lymph nodes can also swell during common infections, such as a cold. In lymphoma, the swelling does not resolve. Pain is also more likely to accompany the swelling if it has occurred due to an infection. The overlap of symptoms can lead to misdiagnosis. Anyone who has persistently swollen glands should see their doctor for a consultation.
Pain, weakness, paralysis, or altered sensation may occur if an enlarged lymph node presses against spinal nerves or the spinal cord. Lymphoma can spread rapidly from the lymph nodes to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system. As cancerous lymphocytes spread into other tissues, the immune system cannot defend against infections as effectively.
The course of treatment depends on the type of lymphoma a person has and the stage it has reached. Read more about the most severe stage of lymphoma. Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma include :. Risk factors for Hodgkin lymphoma include :. There are no routine screenings for lymphoma.
If a person has persistent viral symptoms, they should seek medical consultation. They will also carry out a physical examination, including an inspection of the abdomen and chin, neck, groin, and armpits, where swellings may occur.
The doctor will look for signs of infection near lymph nodes since this can account for most cases of swelling. Blood tests and biopsies: These can detect the presence of lymphoma and help a doctor distinguish between different types.
A biopsy involves a surgeon taking a sample of lymph tissue. The doctor will then send it for examination in a laboratory. The surgeon may remove a small section or all of a lymph node. In some cases, they might use a needle to take a tissue sample.
It might be necessary to carry out a bone marrow biopsy. This may require a local anesthetic, a sedative, or a general anesthetic.
Biopsies and other tests can confirm the stage of the cancer to see whether it has spread to other parts of the body. A spinal tap: In this procedure, a surgeon uses a long, thin needle to remove and test spinal fluid under local anesthetic. Staging of the cancer depends on the type, growth rate, and cellular characteristics. In stage 0 or 1, the cancer stays in a confined area. Burkitt lymphoma is considered the most aggressive form of lymphoma and is one of the fastest growing of all cancers.
But it is very rare, accounting for about 2 percent of all lymphoma diagnoses. The disease originates in mature B-lymphocytes, which are cells of the acquired immune system that produce antibodies to help fight off disease. Burkitt lymphoma, a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma , is most often diagnosed in young adults and children, especially male.
But certain types of Burkitt lymphoma have been diagnosed in adults, especially those with a weakened immune system. The disease is named for Denis Burkitt, the British surgeon who first identified the cancer in African children in the late s. Symptoms may spread or worsen quickly as this aggressive cancer advances.
Patients with endemic Burkitt lymphoma may have swelling or disfigurement in the jaw or face. Patients with sporadic Burkitt lymphoma may have swelling or pain in the abdomen. The disease may also spread quickly to the central nervous system and brain, causing severe neurological symptoms, including paralysis. A biopsy, usually of an infected lymph node, is required for an accurate diagnosis if Burkitt lymphoma is suspected.
Lymphoma and leukemia share a common origin—lymphocytes, the white blood cells that originate in the bone marrow. B cells mature in the bone marrow, while T cells mature in the thymus. These cells, which are critical soldiers in the immune system, travel through the lymphatic system and bloodstream and fight off infection and disease. Some types of blood cancer may be considered either leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma, depending on where the cancer originates, as well as other factors.
These types of cancer include:. Nearly 90 percent of non-Hodgkin lymphoma types develop in B cells. Common forms of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma include:. T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma , which accounts for about 10 percent of all cases, is categorized by various cutaneous T-cell lymphoma types, including mycosis fungoides, and other peripheral T-cell lymphomas.
Natural killer cell lymphoma, or NK cell lymphoma, is diagnosed in less than 1 percent of cases, but it may be extremely aggressive. Natural killer cells are hybrid immune cells that share some characteristics with T cells. It may also be found in the windpipe on the gastrointestinal tract.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: These lymphomas are found in mature T cells, as opposed to immature cells. Types of cutaneous lymphomas include:. Symptoms of peripheral T-cell lymphoma may include rashes or red skin patches or lesions, itching and swollen lymph nodes. Next topic: How is non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed?
Make a difference in the fight against cancer by donating to cancer research. Call us anytime. B-cell lymphoma T-cell lymphoma Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. This page was updated on September 21, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma types.
Aggressive lymphomas include: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma Lymphoblastic lymphoma Mantle cell lymphoma Peripheral T-cell lymphoma Indolent lymphomas include: Follicular lymphoma Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma MALT lymphoma Small-cell lymphocytic lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma is considered the most aggressive form of lymphoma and is one of the fastest growing of all cancers.
Other symptoms include: Swollen lymph nodes Night sweats Fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Weight loss A biopsy, usually of an infected lymph node, is required for an accurate diagnosis if Burkitt lymphoma is suspected. Lymphoma and leukemia Lymphoma and leukemia share a common origin—lymphocytes, the white blood cells that originate in the bone marrow. If the cancerous lymphocytes are found in the bone marrow or blood, it is considered CLL, a typically slow-growing cancer.
Learn more about classical Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. They are treated in the same way. Learn more about the transformation of lymphoma — when slow-growing lymphomas become fast-growing. Lymphoma that is only in the skin is not treated the same as lymphoma that affects the whole body. Learn more about the different types of skin lymphoma and how to cope with symptoms.
Read about lymphoma that affects your central nervous system brain, spinal cord and eyes.
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